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Plant fibres have been used widely for centuries in textile production and in the paper industry. Today, they are being sought more and more in other sectors, particularly new or emerging sectors, because of technical performances often superior to conventional materials. Fibres of agricultural origin can now be harvested and used for a broad range of applications from hard materials to active molecules as well as energy production. The new non-food use sectors include primarily the automobile industry, construction, polymers, biofuels and energy.